Gynecology Laparoscopic Surgeries in Port Harcourt

Gynecology Laparoscopic Surgeries in Port Harcourt

Myomectomy in Port Harcourt:

Myomectomy is the surgical removal of uterine fibroids without the removal of the uterus. There are several techniques that may be used, and the choice of the technique depends on the location and size of the fibroids as well as the characteristics of the woman. It is sometimes impossible to remove all the fibroids, and new fibroids may grow after a myomectomy. Though myomectomy is the only accepted procedure for fibroids in a woman who wants to maintain fertility, a myomectomy may lead to scarring that can negatively affect future fertility. Following a myomectomy, cesarean delivery is frequently recommended to prevent the myomectomy scar from breaking open during labor.

Types of myomectomies include:

Laparoscopic myomectomy in Port Harcourt(removal of uterine fibroids)
Abdominal myomectomy in Port Harcourt
Hysteroscopic myomectomy in Port Harcourt

Hysterectomy in Port Harcourt:

Hysterectomy is a surgery to remove the uterus. It prevents future pregnancy and eliminates fibroid-related bleeding and pressure symptoms.

There are two categories of hysterectomy:

Total hysterectomy is removal of the entire uterus, including the cervix (the lower part of the uterus)

Vaginal hysterectomy in Port Harcourt
Laparoscopic total hysterectomy in Port Harcourt(removal of uterus and cervix)
Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in Port Harcourt
Abdominal hysterectomy in Port Harcourt

Supra-cervical hysterectomy in Port Harcourt is removal of the upper part of the uterus, but not the cervix. This type of surgery is not recommended for women with a history of an abnormal Pap smear or certain types of pelvic pain. Up to 5-10% of women may continue to have chronic cyclic bleeding after surgery, similar to a period. It was previously thought that a supra-cervical hysterectomy would preserve sexual function better than a total hysterectomy, but research does not support this theory. Benefits to supra-cervical hysterectomy include slightly faster surgery and shorter recovery time.

Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy in Port Harcourt (removal of uterus, preservation of cervix)

Other Surgical Procedures:

Diagnostic laparoscopy in Port Harcourt
Microlaparoscopic pain mapping in Port Harcourt
Laparoscopic removal of endometriosis in Port Harcourt
Laparoscopic removal of ovarian cysts in Port Harcourt
Laparoscopic removal of adhesions (scar tissue) in Port Harcourt
Laparoscopic removal of a tube and ovary in Port Harcourt
Laparoscopic uterine suspension in Port Harcourt
Hysteroscopic surgery (removal of polyps or fibroids from the inside of the uterus) in Port Harcourt
Laparoscopic bladder support surgery in Port Harcourt
Endometrial ablation (for heavy periods) in Port Harcourt
Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Removal of Fibroids in Port Harcourt

Diagnostic laparoscopy in Port Harcourt – What is laparoscopy?

In this surgical procedure, a person is in the operating room, under general anesthesia (totally asleep). Through a small (half inch or less) incision in the belly button, carbon dioxide gas is placed inside the belly to create a space through which the surgeon can see the organs inside. This is done by putting a small “telescope” (laparoscope) through this small incision and into the bubble of gas.

The surgeon can then look around inside and get a very good view of everything there, especially all the reproductive organs, especially the womb, ovaries, and tubes. With good technique, this surgery can be done safely in women who are significantly overweight or have had prior abdominal or gynecologic surgery.

When the diagnostic part is done, and something has been found that requires surgery, additional small instruments (a quarter of an inch in diameter) are then inserted through one or more small incisions at other locations in the belly wall between the belly button and the groin areas.

Microlaparoscopic pain mapping in Port Harcourt

Finding the cause for pain in the pelvic area can sometimes be difficult. This is especially true because all the conditions that can cause pain in some women, do not cause pain in all women. This is true for endometriosis, pelvic scar tissue, fibroids, and other problems. When laparoscopy is done with the patient totally asleep, it can sometimes be difficult to be sure that the diseased tissue seen (such as endometriosis) is really causing the pain. In some situations, pain mapping can help.

In a pain mapping procedure, a woman is brought to the operating room and given some strong medication that puts her asleep, but wears off quickly when it is stopped. After injecting local anesthetic medicine in the navel, the surgeon can put a small bubble of gas inside the belly, and then insert a very small (less than 1/8 of an inch) diameter laparoscope inside to look around. Another small instrument can then be inserted lower down on the belly and used to touch organs inside after the sleep medication is allowed to wear off. During this touching of internal organs, the surgeon can ask if a person’s pain is reproduced when an organ is touched. In most cases, for example, if the endometriosis seen is causing pain, it is tender when touched by the instrument.

Another example is when a person feels pain on the right side, but it’s hard to tell if the ovary or the appendix is responsible for the pain. Pain mapping can help figure this out, and help the surgeon pick the right procedure.

Laparoscopic removal of endometriosis in Port Harcourt

Our clinical experience tells us that better results are obtained when endometriosis is excised (cut out), rather than cauterized or lasered, whenever there is the slightest hint that the disease goes deeper than the most superficial layers of pelvic tissue. We have extensive experience with this technique, including in cases of very advanced (stage IV) disease. We perform about 200 surgeries per year on endometriosis.

Laparoscopic removal of ovarian cysts in Port Harcourt

Ovarians cysts up to 10 cm (3.5 inches) in diameter are routinely removed laparoscopically in our division. In some cases in which careful preoperative testing has shown that the risk of a cancer is very low, even much larger cysts have been removed laparoscopically. Once separated from the healthy ovary tissue, the cyst is put in a plastic bag which is removed through a small incision at the navel.

Laparoscopic removal of adhesions (scar tissue) in Port Harcourt

When careful evaluation has shown that adhesions may play a role in a person’s abdominal or pelvic pain, we sometimes recommend laparoscopic surgery to try to reduce the amount of adhesions present. This type of procedure is most often helpful when adhesions are mild or moderate in degree.

When adhesions are very severe, long term results are often disappointing. We do find that even if relief is incomplete or temporary, the benefits of the surgery provide an opportunity to more effectively address other parts of the pain problem such as muscle disorders, bowel function problems, deconditioning, excess weight, and depression.

Laparoscopic removal of a tube and ovary in Port Harcourt

When an ovary is too involved with a disease process to salvage, it is almost always possible to remove it using laparoscopic techniques. In some cases, it is necessary to divide adhesions between the bowel and the ovary in order to remove the ovary.

Laparoscopic myomectomy in Port Harcourt(removal of uterine fibroids) in Port Harcourt

Some fibroids can be removed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic surgical repair of incisions made in the uterus to remove the fibroids heal just as well as similar incisions performed through open laparotomy (large incision) surgery.

Laparoscopic myomectomy is a myomectomy performed with minimally-invasive techniques, using a narrow telescope-like instrument (laparoscope) to see inside the abdomen. The abdomen is first inflated with carbon dioxide gas to create space for operating. Four or five small (1/4 – 1/2 inch) incisions are made in the navel and lower abdomen to allow insertion of both the laparoscope and long, narrow instruments through tubes called “ports”. Using the laparoscope to see, the fibroid is shelled out of the uterus, and the uterine incision is repaired. Laparoscopic myomectomy usually requires one night of hospitalization. Recovery time is approximately 2-3 weeks.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy is a type of laparoscopic myomectomy performed using robotic surgery techniques and the Da Vinci® Surgical System. As with traditional laparoscopic myomectomy, 4-5 small incisions are made and instruments are placed in the lower abdomen through “ports”. The robotic system translates the surgeon’s hand movements outside the woman’s body into precise surgical movements inside the abdomen. Some feel these instrument capabilities are advantageous for laparoscopic myomectomy and we do sometimes use robotics in this setting. It is important to note, however, that while there is a difference between laparoscopy and laparotomy in terms of patient outcomes, both traditional and robotic laparoscopy offer similar benefits. The experience and skill of the surgeon is much more important than whether the robot is employed as a tool.

As in any surgery, complications from myomectomy, such as bleeding, infection, or injury to nearby organs, may occur. There is a 1-8% chance of having to convert from a laparoscopic myomectomy to an abdominal myomectomy. During myomectomy, rarely (in less than 1%) an unplanned hysterectomy may be required, for instance, if the uterus bleeds excessively. Recurrent fibroids may follow up to one third of myomectomies. Pregnancy is not recommended during the first 3-6 months after surgery.

Laparoscopic total hysterectomy in Port Harcourt (removal of uterus and cervix)

Laparoscopic hysterectomy involves removing the entire uterus with minimally-invasive techniques, using a narrow telescope-like instrument (laparoscope) to see the inside of the abdomen. Under complete general anesthesia, the abdomen is first inflated with carbon dioxide gas to create space for operating. Four or five incisions (1/4 to ½ inch each) are made in the navel and lower abdomen to allow insertion of both the laparoscope and long, narrow instruments through tubes called “ports.” (When using the robot, the incisions are higher up, at the level of the belly button and higher up towards the head.) A normal sized uterus, once it is detached from its supports, can be removed through the vagina. A large uterus can be reduced to smaller pieces using a laparoscopic morcellator. With our long experience and high volume, we are comfortable removing a uterus as large as a 30 week pregnancy.

Once the uterus is removed, the inside edges of the vagina are brought together using suture, which is readily done laparoscopically. We credit our extensive laparoscopic experience over the years for this achievement.

Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy in Port Harcourt (removal of uterus, preservation of cervix)

In the last 10 years in the United States, more and more gynecologists have been offering their patients the option of leaving the cervix in place when performing a hysterectomy. The only medical reason for removing the cervix is to prevent cancer of the cervix. If a woman is at low risk for this problem, then the cervix may be left in place, as long as she agrees to continue having regular Pap smears performed.

Some physicians have suggested that leaving the cervix could help preserve sexual function or avoid problems with pelvic support (bladder dropping, bladder leakage). Several good studies, however, have demonstrated these hypotheses don’t seem to be the case. If there is not a good medical reason to remove the cervix, a woman certainly has the option of keep it if she wishes, but, without good evidence to suggest it makes a clinical difference, most women in our practice elect to have the cervix removed. If the cervix is not removed, there is a small chance (the published literature reports rates of 5-10%; our experience has been about 1%) of needing to remove the cervix because of persistent cyclic bleeding after supracervical hysterectomy. If a woman has a history of abnormal pap tests or endometriosis, it is generally not a good idea to leave the cervix.

Laparoscopic uterine suspension in Port Harcourt

In about 15-20% of women, the top end of the uterus leans back toward the backbone, instead of leaning forward, toward the bladder. This is called a retroverted, or “tipped” uterus. In some women, this position of the uterus can be associated with pain, especially pain during sexual intercourse. A laparoscopic uterine suspension can fix this problem with a very high degree of success (over 90%).

Many years ago, this variation of normal anatomy was thought to produce infertility, and several different surgical procedures were developed to correct the problem. Unfortunately, all the techniques involved shortening ligaments that were known to be weak in the first place. As one might expect, the repair frequently failed after 1-2 years, and the uterus returned to the “tipped” position. As a result of these failures, the procedure fell out of favor.

A technique developed in 1998 has proven to be more effective and long lasting than those previously used. It involves placing a long suture through the entire length of the ligaments that hold the uterus up, and tightening the suture until the desired position of the uterus is produced. The repair depends on the strength of the suture, not the strength of the ligaments. The suture stays in place, and does not dissolve, but we use a type of suture (Gore-Tex®) that the body tolerates very well. This suspension procedure can be performed as outpatient surgery, with a few days to a week of recovery needed before returning to normal activities.

Hysteroscopic surgery in Port Harcourt (removal of polyps or fibroids from the inside of the uterus)

When abnormalities such as polyps or small fibroids grow inside the uterus, irregular and heavy bleeding can result. In many cases, they can be removed by placing an instrument called a hysteroscope through the cervix to examine the inside of the uterus and then using various instruments to remove or vaporize the fibroid or polyp a little at a time. It takes between 30 and 90 minutes to accomplish, and usually the patient can go home the same day.

Laparoscopic bladder support surgery in Port Harcourt

Many different surgeries have been developed to treat “stress incontinence,” or loss of urine during coughing, laughing, or any other physical activity. This problem most typically develops after childbearing, and is aggravated by age, smoking, obesity, and other factors. The surgeries are done to improve support for the bladder itself and for the valve mechanism at the bladder neck.

In some circumstances, it make sense to repair the bladder supports laparoscopically, usually when other surgical tasks need to be accomplished as well, such as removal of the uterus and/or ovaries. When bladder repair is all that is needed, then open surgical procedures that usually require a small incision, are almost the same in terms of the discomforts of post-operative recovery.

Endometrial ablation (for heavy periods) in Port Harcourt

There are now about 8 different approved methods for applying some form of energy to the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) in order to reduce the amount of menstrual flow for a person who has regular, but quite heavy, periods. If irregular bleeding is the more troublesome part of the problem, then endometrial ablation techniques are less satisfactory. All of the techniques can be performed as outpatient surgery, and a few can be done in a clinic setting.

At UNC, we predominantly use the NovaSure® endometrial ablation system. In long-term follow-up studies, about 90% of women having this procedure are happy with the results after three years. However, in one study that randomly assigned women to endometrial ablation vs hysterectomy, those having hysterectomy were more satisfied when evaluated four years later. The reason is that a certain number of women having an ablation procedure will end up having further surgery for the bleeding problem. There are also some concerns that we may not be able to assess endometrial (uterus) cancer risk accurately in women who have had an ablation, and some women develop new pelvic pain as a result of this procedure, particularly when a tubal ligation has also been performed.

Vaginal hysterectomy in Port Harcourt

When the cervix and the uterus are surgically removed by operating through the vagina, this is called a vaginal hysterectomy. This procedure has been a standard in gynecology for over 50 years. In the 1970’s it was commonly performed as a sterilization procedure, hence many gynecologists trained during that time gained a great deal of experience in performing the procedure. As the rate of hysterectomy has declined, and as other methods have been developed, more recently trained gynecologists have had less experience performing this procedure.

When it is surgically possible to perform vaginal hysterectomy, then the laparoscopic approach has few advantages when the surgeon is equally skilled at both. There are some situations which increase the risk of vaginal hysterectomy, however: multiple prior Cesarean sections, other major abdominal surgery, past pelvic infections, endometriosis, obesity, small pelvic bony canal, etc. Hospital stay is usually 1 night and recovery time is approximately 2-3 weeks.
In most circumstances, if a woman has not delivered a full-term baby vaginally, the hysterectomy is more easily accomplished by the laparoscopic route. There is now good evidence that less blood is lost in a laparoscopic hysterectomy than in a vaginal procedure.

Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Removal of Fibroids in Port Harcourt

As with traditional laparoscopic myomectomy, 4-5 small incisions are made and instruments are placed in the lower abdomen through “ports”. The robotic system translates the surgeon’s hand movements outside the woman’s body into precise surgical movements inside the abdomen. Some feel these instrument capabilities are advantageous for laparoscopic myomectomy and we do sometimes use robotics in this setting. It is important to note, however, that while there is a difference between laparoscopy and laparotomy in terms of patient outcomes, both traditional and robotic laparoscopy offer similar benefits. The experience and skill of the surgeon is much more important than whether the robot is employed as a tool.

We use both conventional and robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery in our practice. The choice to use the robotic assisted technology is based on the particular medical and surgical needs of individual patients.

Abdominal myomectomy in Port Harcourt

Abdominal myomectomy is performed using a horizontal (“bikini”) or vertical incision in the abdominal wall. This type of operation is called a laparotomy and allows the surgeon to have direct access to the uterus. Traditional surgical instruments and techniques are used. Most patients have general anesthesia (go to sleep), and are usually hospitalized for two nights. Full recovery is expected by 4-6 weeks. Mini-laparotomy (an incision about 2 inches long) is sometimes possible in thin patients without significant scarring. Mini-laparotomy involves a smaller horizontal incision with advantages of less pain, a shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery.

Hysteroscopic myomectomy in Port Harcourt

Hysteroscopic myomectomy is a different type of myomectomy which involves removing a submucosal fibroid from the inside wall of the uterus. To allow surgery inside the uterus, a narrow telescope-like instrument (hysteroscope) is passed through the cervix to visualize the uterine cavity. Hysteroscopic myomectomy is possible only for smaller fibroids (less than 5cm) and only if at least one half of the fibroid bulges into the uterine cavity. Often a laparoscopy is done during the hysteroscopy to make sure neither the fibroid nor the surgery extends through the uterine wall. This type of myomectomy is performed in the operating room under anesthesia and is usually an outpatient procedure. Most patients return to normal activities within 48 hours. Possible complications of hysteroscopy include: uterine perforation (puncture of the uterus), fluid overload (from absorption through the uterus), bleeding, and the formation of scarring inside the uterus. Attempts at pregnancy are best postponed for 60-90 days.

Abdominal hysterectomy in Port Harcourt

Abdominal hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus performed through a horizontal (“bikini”) or vertical incision in the abdominal wall, using traditional instruments and surgical techniques. Most patients have general anesthesia (go to sleep) and are hospitalized for 1-2 nights. Full recovery generally takes 4-6 weeks during which time heavy lifting must be avoided. Driving should be avoided for 1-2 weeks, and sexual intercourse should be avoided for 6 weeks.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in Port Harcourt

Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus using the Da Vinci® Surgical System (robot) to perform a laparoscopic hysterectomy. As with traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy, 4-5 small incisions are made and instruments are placed in the lower abdomen through “ports”. The robotic system translates the surgeon’s hand movements outside the woman’s body into surgical movements inside the abdomen. Hospital stay is usually overnight and recovery time is approximately 2-3 weeks.

We use both conventional and robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery in our practice. The choice to use the robotic assisted technology is based on the particular medical and surgical needs of individual patients.

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5 years ago LaparoscopicSurgery

Endometriosis Surgery Cost in Nigeria – Find Best Surgeons

Endometriosis Surgery Nigeria

Endometriosis: What You Need to Know

Patients with endometriosis have endometrial-type tissue outside of the uterus.

Endometriosis affects an estimated 5 to 10 percent of women between the ages of 25 and 40.

Women with endometriosis are more likely to have infertility or difficulty getting pregnant.

Symptoms of endometriosis may include: excessive menstrual cramps, abnormal or heavy menstrual flow and pain during intercourse.

Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure, can be used to definitively diagnose and treat endometriosis.

 

What Causes Endometriosis

Heredity plays a role, and some endometrial cells may be present from birth. Another theory suggests that menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity instead of out of the body. These cells are thought to stick to organs and keep growing and bleeding over time. Cells could also move to the pelvic cavity other ways, such as during a C-section delivery. A faulty immune system may fail to get rid of the misplaced cells.

 

 

Endometriosis Symptoms

 

The following are the most common symptoms for endometriosis, but each woman may experience symptoms differently or some may not exhibit any symptoms at all. Symptoms of endometriosis may include:

Pain, especially excessive menstrual cramps that may be felt in the abdomen or lower back

Pain during intercourse

Abnormal or heavy menstrual flow

Infertility

Painful urination during menstrual periods

Painful bowel movements during menstrual periods

Other gastrointestinal problems, such as diarrhea, constipation and/or nausea

 

Diagnosing Endometriosis

Endometriosis Tests include,

Ultrasound : A diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the internal organs

CT scan : A noninvasive diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce horizontal, or axial, images — often called slices — of the body to detect any abnormalities that may not show up on an ordinary X-ray

MRI scan : A noninvasive procedure that produces a two-dimensional view of an internal organ or structure

A diagnosis of endometriosis can only be certain, though, when the doctor performs a laparoscopy, biopsies any suspicious tissue and the diagnosis is confirmed by examining the tissue beneath a microscope.

Endometriosis Complications

1. Infertility, which can affect 50 percent of those with the condition.
2. Increased risk of developing ovarian cancer or endometriosis-associated adenocarcinoma
3. Ovarian cysts
4. Inflammation
5. Scar tissue and adhesion development
6. Intestinal and bladder complications

Endometriosis Treatment

Laparoscopy (also used to help diagnose endometriosis): Laparoscopic Treatment for Endometriosis a minor surgical procedure in which a laparoscope, a thin tube with a lens and a light, is inserted into an incision in the abdominal wall; using the laparoscope to see into the pelvic area, the doctor can often remove the endometrial growths.

Laparotomy: A more extensive surgery to remove as much of the displaced endometrium as possible without damaging healthy tissue

Hysterectomy : Surgery to remove the uterus and possibly the ovaries

 

What is Endometriosis Surgery Cost in Nigeria?

Cost of Endometrial Polypectomy with Hysteroscopy 600k

Where Can I get Endometriosis Surgery in Nigeria?

There are many Surgeons in Nigeria for Endometriosis treatment. Choose Best Surgeon based on Rating and Reviews in LaparoscopySurgeries portal

What’s recovery time for Endometriosis Surgery?

Endometriosis Surgery recovery time is 2 days

What is success rate of Endometriosis Surgery in Nigeria?

Endometriosis Surgery success rate is 98%

5 years ago LaparoscopicSurgery

Hernia Surgery Cost in Nigeria – Fine Best Surgeons, Reviews and Book Appointment

Hernia Surgery in Nigeria

A hiatus hernia or hiatal hernia is when part of the stomach squeezes up into the chest through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm. A diaphragm is a large, thin sheet of muscle between the chest and the abdomen.

Hernia Symptoms

Heartburn
Regurgitation of food or liquids into the mouth
Backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus (acid reflux)
Difficulty swallowing
Chest or abdominal pain
Shortness of breath
Vomiting of blood or passing of black stools, which may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding.

 

Hernia Causes in Nigeria

Age-related changes in your diaphragm
Injury to the area, for example, after trauma or certain types of surgery
Being born with an unusually large hiatus
Persistent and intense pressure on the surrounding muscles, such as while coughing, vomiting, straining during a bowel movement, exercising or lifting heavy objects.

 

Hernia Diagnosis in Nigeria

Usually, a hiatus hernia can be diagnosed with an X-ray test called a barium swallow and meal. The patient is made to drink a glassful of contrast and a series of X-ray films are obtained which show whether the stomach or a part of it lies above the diaphragm muscle and whether a person has a hiatus hernia. Most patients require an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, where the doctor visually examines the oesophagus and stomach using a flexible telescope. In some cases, a CT scan may be required to find out which part of the stomach has slipped up into the chest.

Laparoscopic Hiatus Hernia Surgery in Nigeria

A laparoscopic hiatus hernia surgery is a minimally invasive approach which involves specialized video equipments and instruments that allow the surgeon to repair a hiatus hernia via several small incisions, most of which are less than half centimeters in size.

The concept of this surgery remains same as in the open approach. The organs which have herniated into the chest are reduced back into the abdomen, the hernia sac is then removed and the diaphragm is repaired using either sutures or a piece of mesh and the part of the stomach is then wrapped partially or completely around the oesophagus. This will prevent the further reflux symptoms.

 

Laparoscopic Surgery Benefits

The laparoscopic method requires much less cutting of the tissues.
There is significantly less pain after the operation compared to an open approach.
Patients will be able to return to normal activities faster.
Patients undergoing this approach will have fewer and smaller scars.
You will need a shorter hospitalization post surgery.
Minimal adverse complications.

What is Hernia Surgery Cost in Nigeria?

Hernia Surgery cost depends on few Medical Factors. Find more details here

Who is Best Surgeon for Hernia?

Find Best Hernia Surgeon based on Rating and Reviews from past clients

What is Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery Success Rate

Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery has high Success Rate

5 years ago LaparoscopicSurgery

Laparoscopic Endometriosis in Nigeria

Laparoscopic Endometriosis in Nigeria

A laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that may be used to diagnose and treat various conditions, including endometriosis.

A laparoscopy for endometriosis is a low-risk and minimally invasive procedure. It’s typically performed under general anesthesia by a surgeon or gynecologist. Most people are released from the hospital on the same day. Overnight monitoring is sometimes required, though.

Endometriosis has been estimated to affect up to 10% of women. Approximately four out of every 1,000 women are hospitalized as a result of endometriosis each year. Women ages 25–35 are most affected, with 27 being the average age at diagnosis. The incidence of endometriosis is higher among white women and among women who have a family history of the disease.

Preparation & Procedure :

Patient may be instructed to not eat or drink for at least eight hours leading up to the procedure. Most laparoscopies are outpatient procedures. That means you don’t need to stay at the clinic or hospital overnight. However, if there are complications, you may need to stay longer.

The patient is given anesthesia before the procedure commences. The method of anesthesia depends on the type and duration of surgery, the patient’s preference, and the recommendation of the physician. General anesthesia is most common for operative laparoscopy, while diagnostic laparoscopy is often performed under regional or local anesthesia. A catheter is inserted into the bladder to empty it of urine; this is done to minimize the risk of injury to the bladder.

A small incision is first made into the patient’s abdomen in or near the belly button. A gas such as carbon dioxide is used to inflate the abdomen to allow the surgeon a better view of the surgical field. The laparoscope is a thin, lighted tube that is inserted into the abdominal cavity through the incision. ../images taken by the laparoscope may be seen on a video monitor connected to the scope.

For this procedure, three or four incisions may be made in the woman’s lower abdomen (A). Carbon dioxide is pumped into the abdomen to create a condition called pneumoperitoneum, which gives the surgeon more room to work (B). A laparoscope with video monitor is used to view the internal structures, while endometrial growths are removed with other tools (C).

The surgeon will examine the pelvic organs for endometrial growths or adhesions (bands of scar tissue that may form after surgery or trauma). Other incisions may be made to insert additional instruments; this would allow the surgeon to better position the internal organs for viewing. To remove or destroy endometrial growths, a laser or electric current (electrocautery) may be used. Alternatively, implants may be cut away with a scalpel (surgical knife). After the procedure is completed, any incisions are closed with stitches.

Post OP Care – After procedure :

After the procedure is completed, the patient will usually spend several hours in the recovery room to ensure that she recovers from the anesthesia without complication. After leaving the hospital, she may experience soreness around the incision, shoulder pain from the gas used to inflate the abdomen, cramping, or constipation. Most symptoms resolve within one to three days.

You should avoid certain activities immediately after your surgery. These include:

• intense exercise
• bending
• stretching
• lifting
• sexual intercourse

It can take a week or more before you’re ready to return to your regular activities.

Alternatives :

Severe endometriosis may need to be treated by more extensive surgery. Conservative surgery consists of excision of all endometrial implants in the abdominal cavity, with or without removal of bowel that is involved by the disease. Semi-conservative surgery involves removing some of the pelvic organs; examples are hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) and oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries). Radical surgery involves removing the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes (called a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy).

5 years ago LaparoscopicSurgery

Fibroids Surgery Cost in Nigeria

Fibroid Surgery Cost in Nigeria

 

Fibroids are the most frequently seen tumors of the female reproductive system. Fibroids, also known as uterine myomas, leiomyomas, or fibromas, are firm, compact tumors that are made of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue that develop in the uterus. It is estimated that between 20 to 50 percent of women of reproductive age have fibroids, although not all are diagnosed. Some estimates state that up to 30 to 77 percent of women will develop fibroids sometime during their childbearing years, although only about one-third of these fibroids are large enough to be detected by a health care provider during a physical examination.

In more than 99 percent of fibroid cases, the tumors are benign (non-cancerous). These tumors are not associated with cancer and do not increase a woman’s risk for uterine cancer. They may range in size, from the size of a pea to the size of a softball or small grapefruit.

WHAT CAUSES FIBROID TUMORS?

While it is not clearly known what causes fibroids, it is believed that each tumor develops from an aberrant muscle cell in the uterus, which multiplies rapidly because of the influence of estrogen.

WHO IS AT RISK FOR FIBROID TUMORS?

Women who are approaching menopause are at the greatest risk for fibroids because of their long exposure to high levels of estrogen. Women who are obese and of African-American heritage also seem to be at an increased risk, although the reasons for this are not clearly understood.

Research has also shown that some factors may protect a woman from developing fibroids. Some studies, of small numbers of women, have indicated that women who have had two liveborn children have one-half the risk of developing uterine fibroids compared to women who have had no children. Scientists are not sure whether having children actually protected women from fibroids or whether fibroids were a factor in infertility in women who had no children. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is conducting further research on this topic and other factors that may affect the diagnosis and treatment of fibroids.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF FIBROIDS?

Some women who have fibroids have no symptoms, or have only mild symptoms, while other women have more severe, disruptive symptoms. The following are the most common symptoms for uterine fibroids, however, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms of uterine fibroids may include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
• Abnormal bleeding between menstrual periods
• Pelvic pain (caused as the tumor presses on pelvic organs)
• Frequent urination
• Low back pain
• Pain during intercourse
• A firm mass, often located near the middle of the pelvis, which can be felt by the physician

In some cases, the heavy or prolonged menstrual periods, or the abnormal bleeding between periods, can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, which also requires treatment.

HOW ARE FIBROIDS DIAGNOSED?

Fibroids are most often found during a routine pelvic examination. This, along with an abdominal examination, may indicate a firm, irregular pelvic mass to the physician. In addition to a complete medical history and physical and pelvic and/or abdominal examination, diagnostic procedures for uterine fibroids may include:

• X-ray. Electromagnetic energy used to produce images of bones and internal organs onto film.
• Transvaginal ultrasound (also called ultrasonography). An ultrasound test using a small instrument, called a transducer, that is placed in the vagina.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A non-invasive procedure that produces a two-dimensional view of an internal organ or structure.
• Hysterosalpingography. X-ray examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes that uses dye and is often performed to rule out tubal obstruction.
• Hysteroscopy. Visual examination of the canal of the cervix and the interior of the uterus using a viewing instrument (hysteroscope) inserted through the vagina.
• Endometrial biopsy. A procedure in which a sample of tissue is obtained through a tube which is inserted into the uterus.
• Blood test (to check for iron-deficiency anemia if heavy bleeding is caused by the tumor).

TREATMENT FOR FIBROIDS

Since most fibroids stop growing or may even shrink as a woman approaches menopause, the health care provider may simply suggest “watchful waiting.” With this approach, the health care provider monitors the woman’s symptoms carefully to ensure that there are no significant changes or developments and that the fibroids are not growing.

In women whose fibroids are large or are causing significant symptoms, treatment may be necessary. Treatment will be determined by your health care provider(s) based on:

• Your overall health and medical history
• Extent of the disease
• Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• Expectations for the course of the disease
• Your opinion or preference
• Your desire for pregnancy

In general, treatment for fibroids may include:

• Hysterectomy. Hysterectomies involve the surgical removal of the entire uterus. Fibroids remain the number one reason for hysterectomies in the United States.
• Conservative surgical therapy. Conservative surgical therapy uses a procedure called a myomectomy. With this approach, physicians will remove the fibroids, but leave the uterus intact to enable a future pregnancy.
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists). This approach lowers levels of estrogen and triggers a “medical menopause.” Sometimes GnRH agonists are used to shrink the fibroid, making surgical treatment easier.
• Anti-hormonal agents. Certain drugs oppose estrogen (such as progestin and Danazol), and appear effective in treating fibroids. Anti-progestins, which block the action of progesterone, are also sometimes used.
• Uterine artery embolization. Also called uterine fibroid embolization, uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a newer minimally-invasive (without a large abdominal incision) technique. The arteries supplying blood to the fibroids are identified, then embolized (blocked off). The embolization cuts off the blood supply to the fibroids, thus shrinking them. Health care providers continue to evaluate the long-term implications of this procedure on fertility and regrowth of the fibroid tissue.
• Anti-inflammatory painkillers. This type of drug is often effective for women who experience occasional pelvic pain or discomfort.

 

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5 years ago LaparoscopicSurgery

Laparoscopic Gastric Banding- Procedure,Pre & Post OP , Benefits

What is LAGB?
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a type of weight-loss surgery. Weight-loss surgery is also called bariatric surgery. It’s done as a laparoscopic surgery, with small incisions in the upper abdomen. The surgeon puts an adjustable band around the top part of the stomach. This creates a very small stomach pouch. The small stomach pouch means that you’ll feel full after eating less food. This will help you lose weight.

The band can be adjusted. This is done by adding or removing fluid in a balloon around the band. This is done through a port placed under the skin of your abdomen. A tube leads from the port to the band around your stomach. During office visits after surgery, your doctor will use a needle to go through your skin into the port. Fluid is injected into the port. The fluid goes through the tube into the balloon around the band and squeezes the top of the stomach. A small amount of fluid is usually added at each office visit, while your weight loss is checked. If the band becomes too tight, some fluid will be removed.

Why might I need LAGB?
LAGB is used to treat severe obesity. It’s advised for people who have tried other weight loss methods without long-term success. Your doctor may advise LAGB if you are severely obese with a body mass index (BMI) over 40. Your doctor may also advise it if you have a BMI between 35 and 40 and a health condition such as sleep apnea, high blood pressure, heart disease, or type 2 diabetes.

What are the risks of LAGB?
Bleeding, infection, and blood clots in your legs are possible side effects that may occur after any surgery. General anesthesia may also cause breathing problems or other reactions.

Other risks of LAGB can include slipping of the band, puncturing of the stomach, or food not going into the stomach. You may have food intolerance after gastric band surgery. For example, you may not be able to eat red meat, a major source of dietary iron. This would put you at a higher risk for anemia. Over time, a fibrous capsule to form around the stomach and band. This can make it hard to do any other surgery on the upper stomach later in life, if needed.

With LAGB, you may not lose as much weight as you would like. If your body mass index is over 50, the band might not be a good choice for you. If you are not physically active, you may not lose a lot of weight with the band.

You may have other risks based on your health. Make sure to talk with your healthcare team about any concerns before the surgery.

How do I get ready for LAGB?
Your healthcare team will need to make sure that LAGB is a good option for you. Weight-loss surgery isn’t advised for people who abuse medicines or alcohol, or who are not able to commit to a lifelong change in diet and exercise habits.

Before having surgery, you’ll need to enroll in a bariatric surgery education program. This will help you prepare for surgery, and life after surgery. You’ll have nutritional counseling. And you may have a psychological evaluation. You’ll also need physical exams and tests. You will need blood tests. You may have imaging studies of your stomach, or have an upper endoscopy.

If you smoke, you will need to stop several months before surgery. Your surgeon may ask you to lose some weight before surgery. This will help make your liver smaller, and make surgery safer. You’ll need to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen, and other blood-thinning medicines in the days before your surgery. You shouldn’t eat or drink anything after midnight before surgery.

What happens during LAGB?
LAGB surgery usually takes 30 to 60 minutes.
You will have general anesthesia for your surgery. This will cause you to sleep through the surgery, and not feel pain.
Your surgeon will use laparoscopy. He or she will make several small cuts (incisions) in your upper abdomen. The surgeon will then insert a laparoscope and put small surgery tools into these incisions.
The surgeon will put an adjustable gastric band around your upper stomach and then tighten it to make a small stomach pouch.
The surgeon will put a small port under the skin of your abdomen. A tube is connected between the port and the band.
If you have a hiatal hernia, your surgeon may repair that at the same time as your LAGB surgery.

What happens after LAGB?
You’ll likely go home the day after surgery. You will be on a liquid diet for the first week or two. Your surgery team will give you a schedule of types of meals over the next weeks. You’ll go from liquids, to pureed foods, then soft foods, and then to regular food. Each meal needs to be very small. You should make sure to eat slowly and chew each bite well. Don’t move too quickly to regular food. This can cause pain and vomiting. Work with your medical team to figure out what’s best for you to eat. After your stomach heals, you will need to change your eating habits. You’ll need to eat small meals for your small stomach.

People who have weight-loss surgery may have trouble getting enough vitamins and minerals. This is because they take in less food, and may absorb fewer nutrients. You may need to take a daily multivitamin, plus a calcium-vitamin D supplement. You may need additional nutrients, such as vitamin B12 or iron. Your medical team will give you instructions.

You’ll need to have regular blood tests every few months in the year after surgery. This is to make sure you don’t have low blood iron (anemia), high blood glucose, or low calcium or vitamin D levels. If you have heartburn, you may need to medicine to reduce stomach acid.

After losing weight, it’s possible to regain some of the weight that you lose. To avoid this, make sure to follow a healthy diet and get regular exercise. The sleeve may widen (dilate) over time. This will let you eat more. But keep in mind that if you eat all you can, you can regain weight. You may want to join a weight-loss surgery support group to help you stick with your new eating habits.

You’ll need to have life-long medical visits to check for problems with the band, and have band adjustments as needed.

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